Аннотації
04.06.2020
Протягом останнього століття проектування підвісних покриттів інтенсивно розвивалося до появи теорії оболонок у першій половині 20-го століття, завдяки швидким темпам технологічного прогресу. Зміна парадигми виникла з новою тенденцією в структурному дизайні до нового процесу проектування, який швидко об'єднав економіку, ефективність та елегантність. У цій роботі розглядаються різні підходи до обчислення, проектування та оцінки надійності конструкцій висячих покриттів, щоб визначити ключові умови, які суттєво сприяли появі сучасних принципів утворення конструктивної схеми висячого покриття. В цій роботі запропоновано новий алгоритм оцінки надійності висячого покриття на стадії проектування, а також новий метод розрахунку та оцінки надійності висячого покриття. Запропонований спосіб пропонує рішення наступних завдань: отримання раціональних геометричних параметрів споруди; знаходження відповідних характеристик жорсткості основних опорних елементів; визначення траєкторії відмови елементів для типової схеми покриття з певною оцінкою напружено-деформованого стану конструкції; обчислення числових показників безпеки споруди (визначення нижньої та верхньої меж безпеки). Метод дозволяє знайти зони, де буде починатися руйнування. Пропонується створити додаткову міцність і надійність конструкцій, розташованих в небезпечних місцях, таких як вузли з'єднання несучих ферм до зовнішнього контуру і внутрішнього контуру, в’язи до нижнього поясу ферми, проміжні вузли з'єднання верхніх та нижніх поясiв несучих ферм тощо, на етапіпроектування та будівництва. Великопрольотні покриття мають підвищений рівень відповідальності, оскільки їх відмова може призвести до серйозних економічних та соціальних наслідків. У цьому випадку проектування цих унікальних споруд має базуватися на комплексному підході до вибору раціональної конструктивної схеми покриття, пов'язаної з функцією конструкції, архітектурною концепцією, способами виготовлення, будівництвом та інше. Вимоги до надійності, адаптованості до виробництва, економічної та екологічної ефективності, а також соціальні фактори повинні виконуватися. Молодих інженерів слід надихати великими конструктивними формами минулого і заохочувати вивчати більше робіт нашого покоління, щоб ініціювати вдосконалені проекти в майбутньому. Виходячи з вищесказаного, ми можемо рекомендувати молодим вченим універсальний алгоритм, заснований на наступному: - попереднє обчислення; - аналіз живучості; - проектування відповідно до вимог граничних станів; - проектування на основі числових показників надійності. Це дозволить покращити якість обчислювальних методів та отримати більш точний аналіз конструкцій покриттів. Використання цього підходу також призводить до підвищення надійності та довговічності таких типів конструкцій і мінімізує помилки в проектуванні та обчисленнях.
Over the last century, the suspension roofs design has progressed until the advent of the shells theory in the first half of the 20th century, due to a rapid pace in technological advancement. A paradigm shift emerged with the new trend in structural design towards a new design process that cooperatively integrated economy, efficiency, and elegance. Different approaches in computation, design and reliability assessment of roof structures are discussed in this work to identify the key conditions that have significantly contributed to modern suspension roof design principles. A new algorithm to assess the reliability of suspension roofs at the design stage is proposed and a novel method for computational design and reliability evaluation of suspension roofs is presented in this paper. The proposed method provides solutions for the following problems: obtaining rational geometric parameters of a structure; finding appropriate rigidity characteristics of basic supporting elements; determining the elements failure trajectory for typical roof diagram with the following evaluation of stress - strain state of a structure; calculating numerical safety indices of a structure (determining the lower and upper safety limits). The method enables to find the zones, where failure will be initiated. It offers an opportunity to create additional strength and reliability of structures, located in dangerous places, such as bearing joints of the connecting trusses to external contour and internal contour, the braces to the lower chord of the trusses, intermediate joints of upper and lower chords of supporting trusses etc., at the stage of design and construction. Large-span roofs have increased liability level, since their failure can lead to severe economic and social consequences. In this case, the design of these unique structures should be based on complex approach for selecting the rational structural concept related to the structure’s function, architectural concept, manufacturing methods, construction, etc. Reliability requirements, adaptability to manufacture, economic efficiency, ecological and social factors should be also fulfilled. Young engineers should be inspired by the great structural forms of the past and be encouraged to study more works from our generation to spark improved designs in the future. Based on the above, we can recommend to young researchers the universal algorithm, based on: - preliminary computation; - analysis of survivability; - design according to the limit states requirements; - design based on the numerical reliability indicators. It will allow improvement of computation methods quality and more accurate analysis of roof structures. Using this approach also leads to increasing of reliability and durability of such types of structures and minimizes mistakes in designin and computation.
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